As an independent freelance writer who has also written thousands of projects for essay companies, I can tell you that there are some potential advantages and disadvantages to both, but the relative risks are, generally, comparable, particularly in connection with what they do with your information.
There are more risk factors involved in turning over personal data to an individual than there are if you turn over the masked data to a writing company.
This is an absolutely ridiculous argument, mainly, because you're comparing apples and oranges: namely, by comparing the risk of furnishing "personal" data (apples) to one entity with furnishing "masked" data (oranges) to another entity.
Quite obviously, divulging your "personal data" is always riskier than only divulging anonymous data. Scam essay companies and scam writers represent an identical risk as pertains to your identifying information; and all you have to do is review some recent threads on this forum to read about nightmares involving essay companies that blackmailed customers by threatening to contact their schools if the customer tried to dispute a charge in connection with a horrible piece of work received or in connection with attempting to cancel a project shortly after ordering it. There are also older threads about scam independent writers doing the same types of things. However, legitimate independent writers generally do not require you to divulge any of your "personal data" to place an order; we just refuse to email your completed project to any email other than to the exact email address shown in your PayPal account and we tell you that anytime we see that the email address in your PayPal account doesn't match the email address from which you correspond with us. Legitimate independent writers don't usually require you to divulge any of your "personal data" or your identifying information just to place an order.
More importantly, what makes your argument completely specious is that (to my knowledge) there are no essay companies that allow you to order a project without furnishing your "personal data" in the form of identifying information such as your full name and address and your credit card or PayPal information; some of them also require a drivers license and/or some other form of photo ID, especially if you're located in a different country. The legitimate companies only use that information to verify that the charge is authorized and that the credit card isn't stolen or otherwise invalid. The scam companies use that information for illegal purposes, such as for identity theft and blackmail.
The only real difference between companies and writers in that regard is that when you furnish your "personal data" to a company, you remain anonymous to the writer, whereas when you furnish your "personal data" to an independent writer, the person who receives that data is the same entity as the person actually writing your project. Legitimate companies and legitimate independent freelance writers pose absolutely no risk arising from your sharing that information with them; it's just standard online business practice, the same as when you order other kinds of products online. Meanwhile, if you furnish your information to a scam operation that intends to misuse your information, it makes absolutely no difference to the customer whether it's an individual criminal posing as a "writer" or a larger criminal enterprise posing as a legitimate "essay company."