Zarema 1 | -
Feb 21, 2011 | #1
Here is my essay I sent to Livingston Research and was told my skill set is not enough to work for them! Is it???
Since ancient times people have been warred for territory, recourses, wealth, others for independence and idea till present days and seems, it will never end up. Along with militant attitudes peace became a desirable goal to reach that has got the highest prices ever - a human life. The 20th century was rich in evidence how nonsense and unwarranted losses are in comparison with aims and interests pursued by governments and leaders. The WWI displayed people should commence the movement towards taking and realization measurements in the direction of providing security and peace, improving the quality of life on the planet. The League of Nations became the organization suggesting its main objects as disarmament, prevention of wars, safeguarding of peace and security that was found after WWI and involved 58 countries members. But it failed to oversee the world peace and appeared ineffective. It is obvious the League of Nations was doomed to failure from the very beginning.
In order to understand the reasons of complete collapse we should analyze the situation established on the world scene after WWI and alignment of forces. Versailles- Washington system created the preconditions for dividing the territories of Europe and appearance of new states and countries which lead to the local wars and conflicts for territories in the world. Moreover, the biggest countries as USA, communist USSR and later Germany didn't want to participate in the League of Nations and disarm due to threat between those countries. In fact, the claims of almost all countries on each one, incompatibility of international organizations with sovereignty of some countries, conservative order in the system of the League of Nations, lack of means, poor cooperation between member countries and, finally, inaction in war conflicts, these are Japanese invasion of Chinese Manchuria (1931) and Italian war with Ethiopia (1935) weakened its positions and it lost its authority and influence. Thus, in 1946 the League of Nations went out of existence.
Appearance of another international organization important in the history became the consequence of WWII. The United Nations Organization was founded by 51 countries and now it has 192 member countries. The main postulates are issued in its Charter, that is "...to save succeeding generations from the scourge of war, which twice in our lifetime has brought untold sorrow to mankind, and to reaffirm faith in fundamental human rights, in the dignity and worth of the human person, in the equal rights of men and women and of nations large and small, and establish conditions under which justice and respect under obligations arising from treaties and other sources of international law can be maintained, and to promote social progress and better standards of life in larger freedom..."
If we compare these two organizations under consideration it is obvious that the last one succeeded in the accomplishment of its highly significant mission. But I believe the other question we should pay more attention to is how effective UN is and how more effective it could be!
We can't deny or underestimate the contribution UN made in development and achievement of better conditions of life and friendly relations among nations. These are participating in 60 peacemaking operation, great influence in solving Cuban Crisis in 1962, finishing Iran-Iraq war in 1988, civil wars in Guatemala, Cambodia, Mozambique, Salvador; Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty; humanitarian aid; treaties for environmental protections and creating of UN system agencies like WHO, WFP, UNICEF. But at the same time UN was ineffective and even sometimes inactive in conflicts and problems the global community faced to: escalation of hostilities and ethnic purges in Kosovo, Ruanda, and South Ossetia. It is worth mentioning, it has a great influence from the sides of five greatest countries, these are the USA, Russia, Great Britain, China, France which finance the organization; the USA alone has the forth part of financing of UN, thereby, what kind of democratic and independent functioning is of discourse! In addition, financial scandals and bureaucracy revealed its shortcomings showing imperfection of system. Hence, UN's structure and system needs reforming in order to make it fully effective and maintain absolute authority among people, among governments, among nations.
Hence, we can come to the conclusion that due to the situation established in the world after WWI, unwillingness of the greatest countries to participate, thoughtless management and inactivity lead the League of Nations to failure in overseeing the world peace and consequently stopped its existence. Though the United Nations Organization is more effective than its predecessor it is meant to become more efficient than it is now, to do much more to stop aggression and maintain peace in the world. So, UN is certainly requires reforming and achieving full independence from influence of any country that aims at total control and protects its own political and financial interests which often, and too often I would say, contradict people's ones. There is nothing more precious than a human life! And if the organization saves at least one life it is worth existence!
Zarema Shulakova
The League of Nations
Since ancient times people have been warred for territory, recourses, wealth, others for independence and idea till present days and seems, it will never end up. Along with militant attitudes peace became a desirable goal to reach that has got the highest prices ever - a human life. The 20th century was rich in evidence how nonsense and unwarranted losses are in comparison with aims and interests pursued by governments and leaders. The WWI displayed people should commence the movement towards taking and realization measurements in the direction of providing security and peace, improving the quality of life on the planet. The League of Nations became the organization suggesting its main objects as disarmament, prevention of wars, safeguarding of peace and security that was found after WWI and involved 58 countries members. But it failed to oversee the world peace and appeared ineffective. It is obvious the League of Nations was doomed to failure from the very beginning.
In order to understand the reasons of complete collapse we should analyze the situation established on the world scene after WWI and alignment of forces. Versailles- Washington system created the preconditions for dividing the territories of Europe and appearance of new states and countries which lead to the local wars and conflicts for territories in the world. Moreover, the biggest countries as USA, communist USSR and later Germany didn't want to participate in the League of Nations and disarm due to threat between those countries. In fact, the claims of almost all countries on each one, incompatibility of international organizations with sovereignty of some countries, conservative order in the system of the League of Nations, lack of means, poor cooperation between member countries and, finally, inaction in war conflicts, these are Japanese invasion of Chinese Manchuria (1931) and Italian war with Ethiopia (1935) weakened its positions and it lost its authority and influence. Thus, in 1946 the League of Nations went out of existence.Appearance of another international organization important in the history became the consequence of WWII. The United Nations Organization was founded by 51 countries and now it has 192 member countries. The main postulates are issued in its Charter, that is "...to save succeeding generations from the scourge of war, which twice in our lifetime has brought untold sorrow to mankind, and to reaffirm faith in fundamental human rights, in the dignity and worth of the human person, in the equal rights of men and women and of nations large and small, and establish conditions under which justice and respect under obligations arising from treaties and other sources of international law can be maintained, and to promote social progress and better standards of life in larger freedom..."
If we compare these two organizations under consideration it is obvious that the last one succeeded in the accomplishment of its highly significant mission. But I believe the other question we should pay more attention to is how effective UN is and how more effective it could be!
We can't deny or underestimate the contribution UN made in development and achievement of better conditions of life and friendly relations among nations. These are participating in 60 peacemaking operation, great influence in solving Cuban Crisis in 1962, finishing Iran-Iraq war in 1988, civil wars in Guatemala, Cambodia, Mozambique, Salvador; Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty; humanitarian aid; treaties for environmental protections and creating of UN system agencies like WHO, WFP, UNICEF. But at the same time UN was ineffective and even sometimes inactive in conflicts and problems the global community faced to: escalation of hostilities and ethnic purges in Kosovo, Ruanda, and South Ossetia. It is worth mentioning, it has a great influence from the sides of five greatest countries, these are the USA, Russia, Great Britain, China, France which finance the organization; the USA alone has the forth part of financing of UN, thereby, what kind of democratic and independent functioning is of discourse! In addition, financial scandals and bureaucracy revealed its shortcomings showing imperfection of system. Hence, UN's structure and system needs reforming in order to make it fully effective and maintain absolute authority among people, among governments, among nations.
Hence, we can come to the conclusion that due to the situation established in the world after WWI, unwillingness of the greatest countries to participate, thoughtless management and inactivity lead the League of Nations to failure in overseeing the world peace and consequently stopped its existence. Though the United Nations Organization is more effective than its predecessor it is meant to become more efficient than it is now, to do much more to stop aggression and maintain peace in the world. So, UN is certainly requires reforming and achieving full independence from influence of any country that aims at total control and protects its own political and financial interests which often, and too often I would say, contradict people's ones. There is nothing more precious than a human life! And if the organization saves at least one life it is worth existence!
Zarema Shulakova